Electric calculating machine



Sept. 6, 1932. R. HOFGAARD 1,876,293

ELECTRIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22. 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEYS Sept. 6, 1932. R. HOFGAARD 1,376,293

ELECTRIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22. 1927 e Sheets-$heet- 2 INVENTOR Sept. 6, 1932. R. HOFGAARD 7 1,376,293

- ELECTRIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22. 1927 sjsheets-sneet s INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Sept. 6, 1932. v R. HOFGAARD I 1,876,293

ELECTRIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR X3 W ""W Ufa/w M M AITORNEYS Sept. 6, 1932. R. HOFGAARD 1,876,293

' ELECTRIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22. 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR M W WM Ms W ATTORNEYS Sept. 6, 1932. R. HOFGAARD 1,376,293

ELECTRIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22, 1927 9 SheetsSheet 6 INVENTOR A I M)H6,2LM

A1TORNEY P 6, 1932- I R. HOFGAARD 1,876,293

ELECTRIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 Sept. 6, 1932. R. HOFGAARD 1,876,293

ELECTRIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 ELECTRIC QALCULATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22. 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 FILE: E

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i Patented Sept. 6, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT; OFFICE ROLF norcmn, or OSLO, NORWAY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS. 'i'o ..rror-' eaann-nnmme'ron conronarion, or NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OFF/DELA- wane ELECTRIC cancunarme mcnINE Application filed September 22; 1927. Serial No. 221,330.

The present invention has for its object an electric calculating machine'which is based on the principle of operation described and t claimed in U. S. application No. 688,564. 6' According to the principle of operation 7 described and claimed in the aforementioned The machine also comprises registering ele-' 1 ments, each of which is adapted to be operated bya current passing-through a line in one of the aforementioned sets of digit lines. The said registering elements again control contact members for closing said lines in the other set of digit lines.

In a calculating machine of this kind, the effect of depressing a certain key on the key board will depend on the'key of the same denominational value previously depressed, the result registered being equal to any func- 'tion of thedigits corresponding to the said keys for which the particular machine 1s constructed. v

Thus, in an' adding machine for single numbers, if key No. 3 has been depressed, the depression of key No. 4 owing to the combina tion in which the two sets of 10 digit lines have been connected by the key No. 3 will actuate the registering number for No. 7 etc.

In the calculating machine according to this principle which was described in the aforementioned application No. 688,564, the means for successively registering the efiects of depressions of the keys consist in a ribbon which is caused to be perforated by means of electrically operated perforating members, said perforations acting to control the contacts for closing the corresponding digit line circuits upon the depression of the next key.

The principal improvement according to the present invention consists in substituting for the ribbon specified in the earlier patent specification a set of'multiple contact relays, each of which is adapted to be energized by means of current in one line of one of the sets of digit lines, and which cooperates with electrically operated means for locking the contacts closed and again releasing the same and locking them in open position, when a different digit of the same denominational value is entered.

Another improvement in accordance with the present invention consists in means for automatically reversing the order of the digits entered into the machine by means of the key-board, in a machine for multi-digit numbers.

The object of this improvement is to enable numbers to be entered into the machine, starting with the digit of the largest denominational value, causing-however-the digit of the smallest denominational value to operate first etc., whereby the process of tabulating is greatly simplified.

' These and other improvements will be better understood from the following specification, describing an embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, where:

Figs. 1a. 1b, 10, 1d, 16 and 1} together constitute a diagram of a complete adding machine, showing the several relays laid out in one plan as well as the electrical connections between the same.

Fig. 2 is a plan view on a larger scale of a multiple contact, relay and the locking and ratchet mechanisms cooperating therewith.

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section of the multiple contact relay, locking device and ratchet mechanism taken substantially on the line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a plan. view on a larger scale of one of the 10 multiple contact relays adapted to connect the two sets of 10 digit lines in 10 ccmbinations.

Fig.5 is a vertical cross section of the relay according to Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a plan view on a larger scale of one of the transfer relays and Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view thereof.

The machine as illustrated comprises several sections each having their separate function,

The sections of the machine as seen on the diagrammatical plan, Figs. lato 1f, may be numbered as follows: I

i 9 tion of the secondary register will be deation and function of which will be described later on.

II. Primary register The primary register comprises 10 multiple contact relays, the detailed construction of which will be apparent from Figs. 2 and 3. The primary register also comprises a magnetically operated ratchet mechanism for locking and releasing the several contacts of the multiple relays. The detailed construction of the ratchet mechanism will be apparent from Figs. 2 and 3. The object of the primary register is to close contacts corresponding to the numeral keys depressed on the 'key board and to lock said contacts in closed position. The detailed operation and function of the primary register will be further described with reference to the drawings.

III. Reversing device :'-v r The reversing device comprises a number ofmultiple contact relays corresponding to the largest number of digits with which the machine is adapted to operate.

The object of the reversing device is to automatically associate the contact closed in e the last row of contacts acted upon in the primary register with means to actuate a contact in the first row of contacts in the secondary register, so that when for instance a numher of four figures has been entered by means of the key board in the primary register, the

contact closed in the fourth row of contacts in the primary register will upon depression of the operating key be automatically associated by means of the fourth relay in the reversing device with means for actuating a contact in the first row of contacts in the secondary register.

IV. Secondary register The secondary register comprises 10 multiple contact relays with locking devices and magnetically operated ratchet mechanism therefor corresponding in construction to the relays, locking device and ratchet mechanism of the primary register.

The function of the secondary register is to close contacts upon current impulses in one of the sets of 10 digit lines and automatically lock said contacts in closed position and again release the same and lock them in open position when a different digit is entered, having the same denominational value. The opera scribed in detail with reference to the draw ings.

.multiple contact relays, each of which is adapted when energized to connect the two sets of 10 digit lines of the machine in a particular combination. Thus; for example, in an adding machine, calculating'relay No. 3 will connect a digit line in one set with the digit line in the other set, which has a numericalvalue 3 units higher than the first mentioned digit line etc. in accordance with the principle of calculation specified in U. S. application No. 688,564.

VI. Transfer mechanism-:-

The transfer mechanism comprises two relays, vi'z. a locking relay which is actuated by means of the ratchet and locking mechanism of the secondary register and a transfer relay proper. g

The function of the locking relay is to cut in the transfer relay proper in cases where the sum oftwo single digits is a two-digit number and the transfer relay proper per,- forms the usual transfer operation of increasor digits registered accordingly.

The detailed construction of the transfer locking relay will be seen on Figs. 6 and 7 and will be described with reference to these figures.

VII. Recording device The recording device as illustrated comprises a set of two result relays, adapted to be operated by means of the result key on the key board. The function of the recording device is toactuate a recording mechanism, such as the type bar mechanism of a typewriter, so as to record the numbers entered into the machine for calculation and the result of the calculating operation performed.

Having now given a general outline of the several parts of the calculating machine and of the functions which they areadapted to perform, the more important mechanisms will be described in detail with reference to the detailed drawings. 4

.ratchet mechanism Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate in plan view and Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate. the mechanisms in connection with the primary register, but the description of these parts will suflice also for the corresponding mechanisms in connection with the secondary register which differs from the one described below only in a few details, which will be mentioned in connection with the secondary register.

The multiple contact relays illustrated are of the type specified in my U. S. application Ser. No.'181,223; but although it is consid ered preferable to use these relays, it will be obvious that the construction of the relay may be varied, and the invention is not limited to the use of any particular-type of multiple contact relay.

Each relay A comprises a coil B,one

- nal of which is permanently connected to the I end with noses Leo-operating with the up minus line of the battery, the relay being cut in and out by means of contactsconnected in the'lead from the 'othr terminal to the plusline of the battery. The coil B is enclosed in a soft iron jacket C and has a central core D. The armatures which also serve as contacts,

comprise soft iron members E, mountedon plate springs F, which are fastened at their lower ends to insulator blocks G and connected up to the lines which they are adapted to close and interrupt.

At their upper ends the armatures are prof vided with contacts H, co-operating with stationary contacts I, mounted in insulator blocks J on the top of therelays. When a relay is energized, the armatures of the said relay, if not locked, will be drawn away from their normal position in which they rest against an insulatedstrip, fastened to the central core D, and will close the contact H. I.

The locking mechanism, for the relay contacts comprises-bell crank levers K pivoted on the top of the relays and provided at one per ends of the plate springs F, so as to nor- .mally keep the armatures locked in the position illustrated on the drawings in which the contact between H. I. is interrupted.

The bell crank levers K with their other 7 arms are all connected to locking bars M, so

. that a movement to the right, F1

3, i. e. in the direction of the arrow, of a f cking bar M, will release all the contact armatures locked-by meansof the bell crank levers K connected to the said bar.

If one of the relays is cut in when the locka ing b'ar M is moved to the right (Fig. 3), the contact armature of that relay which is controlled by the said locking bar will be moved towards its corresponding stationary contact, and when the locking bar is then returned to its original position, the said con- .tact armature will be locked .by means of the nose-L in its closed position, so that it remains in that is de-energized.

The calculating machine here specified being an adding machine adapted to work with positionseven after the relay numbers up to five digits, each multiple con tact relay is provided with fiye locking contacts,,' corresponding respectively to units,

tens, hundreds, thousands, and ten-thou- "sands. As it will be readily understood, a

machine adapted to perform additions with numbers. for instance up to 10 digits, will locking contact in each of the 10 multiple contact relays. I

The device for actuating the locking bars M comprises a magnetically operated ratchet mechanism which is also illustrated on Figs. 2 and 3. The ratchet mechanism is actuated by means of twomagnetic relays N and O which may be of any convenient type,but which are preferably constructed on the same lines as the multiple contact-relays A, each l1aving- -howeveronly one pivoted armature respectivelyP and Q. The armature P of relay N is connected by means of hell crank lever B. to a sliding ratchet bar S, co operating with'a pawl T, pivotally mounted on a sleeve U which is slidably, but not rotat- M, each connected to co-operate with the;

ably mounted on a rockingshaft V. A coil 1 spring W tends to press sleeve'U towards the position illustrated on thedrawings. Thesleeve U carries an arm X, the free end of which is provided with -a downwardly "extending knob Y of insulating material,

adapted to coroperateiwith upwardly extending cam surfaces Z on the ends of the locking bars M. The arm 'X also carries acontact spring a, co-operating with stationary contacts I) mounted'on a plate a of insulating material. j. V

The relay 0 which is the one illustrated in cross section on Fig. 3, has itsarmature. Q connected at the top by means of rod (1 to an arm e on rocking shaft V.

'When the magnetic relay N is' energized, the armature P of that relay is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow on Fig. 2, and this movement by means of bell crank lever R causes the ratchet bar S to perform a movement in the direction indicated by the arrow, taking the sliding sleeve U with it a in thesame direction by means of pawl T.

During this movement the knob Y will act on the cam surface Z so as to push the locking and I will be closed, and as the 'lockingbar M will slip back into its original position as 'soon as the knob Y has passed the-cam surface Z, the sa dcontacts H and I will be locked in its closed position. At the same time the contact bar M, slipping back into its original position, will lock the arm X so that it cannot return to its original position, even when ratchet bar S is moved back again.

When relay N is de-energized, its armature- .P will be pulled back in its original position by means of spring f, acting on bell crank' lever B so as to move ratchet bar S back to the position illustrated on the drawmgs.

- bar and will come to rest against the active surface of the same.

When relay N is again energized, the same series of operations will be repeated, the knob Y now acting on the cam surface Z on the second docking bar M, etc., until all locking bars have been acted upon in succession.

The magnetic relay 0 serves to return sleeve U to -its original position, and this operation takes place in the following man'- ner:

When the relay 0 is energized, its armature Q will be pulled towards the left as indicated by the arrow'Fig. 3, and will thereby turn the rocking shaft V, so that the arms X and e and the pawl T take up thepos'ition indicated in dotted lines on Fig. 3.

In this, position the knob Y goes clear of the cams Z and the pawl l goes clear of the rachetbar S, so that the coil spring W is free to push sleeve U back to its original position, the contact spring a being at the same time lifted off the stationary contacts. I). It is of course to be understood, in this connection, that'the contact spring a is sufli ciently flexible to be liftedioff its contact I) only when the knob Y goes clear of the bars M and the pawl T goes clear of the bar S; and further that the relay 0 is so constructed and/or the springs g and W so proportioned that the sleeve U will return to normal position before the armature Q, is retracted by the spring g. The accomplishment of this condition is well within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, such for example as it is wellunderstood by those skilled-in the art that the relay may be made quick acting and slow releasing.

As soon as the magnetic relay 0 is again (lo-energized, a spring 9 will pull the rocking shaft V back to the position shown in full lines.

The multiple contact relays, besides the contacts co-operating with the locking and ratchet mechanisms, also comprise various other contact armatures for special purposes which will be specified in connection with the diagram on Figs. 1a to 1f. v The multiple relays of the calculating mechanism s 7.

These relays, one of which is illustrated in plan and vertical cross section respectively The lines of one of the sets of 10 digit lines bearing the numbers 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 9, 0 a

are connected to the ten contact armatures 0 .all the multiple contact relays as indicated on the drawin s. I

The lines of the other set of l0 digit lines are connected to the stationary contacts I of, the multiple contact relays in accordance with the principlespecified in my previous U. S.

application No. 688,564, i. e. in themultiple re- I the sum of the numeral of the multiple contact relay in question and the numeral .of the contact armature corresponding with the said stationary contact. The contact armatures, the numeric value of which added to the nu- ,meric value of the multiple contact relayin The manner in which a'current in one of and 7 in plan and vertical cross section .re-

spectively is also constructed on the same lines as the relays previously described and comprises two locking armature contacts.

-H.1.VI and H.2.VI as well as 'one contact armature H. 56, having no locking mechanism.

The well known levers 'K acting to lock the locking armatures E of this relay in their two positions, are actuated by the locking bars M of the secondary'register, said locking bars being provided with noses h,

abutting against an edge of a plate z of insulating material carried on top of two pivoted arms 7' and the opposite edge of which abuts against the upstanding arm of the bell crank levers K.

In the position illustrated on the drawings,

the free contact armature H56 and the locking contact armature I-I.2.VI of the locking transfer relay do not close any contact and accordingly act as ordinary interrupters,: whereas the second locking armature contact H.1.VI as illustrated on Fig. 7 has the func-.

tions of a reversing switch being connected .with a stationary contact I.1.VI in theposition illustrated on the drawings and being connected with the stationary contact I.1.VI

I when released by thelocking'device at tracted by the relay.

As it will be understood, all the locking bars M connected with thesecondary register owing to the plate '5 will, when moved 1n the directionindicated by the arrow, release the locking contact armatures E. 'In the following the general outlineand operation of the adding machine according to 'the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the diagrammatic Figs. 1a to If.

The machine in accordance with the principle of calculation on which it is based com- 7 prises two sets of each 10 digit lines.

One of the sets of digit lines LV, 2.V, 3.V,

' 4.V, 5.'V, 6.V, 7.V, 8.V, 9.V, 0.V starts from the interconnected stationary contacts I of I as ' coil terminals of the multiple-contact relays in the secondary 'regi'ster,.the opposite terminals of saizi coil. being all directly connected up to heminus line of the battery.

From said coils this second set of digit lines, 7

as will be seen on the diagram, pass to the stationary contacts I of all the multiple relays A.V, being connected in each relay to a contact co-operating with a difl'erent armature, in accordance with the principleof calculation known from mywaforesaid U. S. 7 application No.;688,564.

'2 The calculating relays A.1.V, A.2.V, etc. have one terminal of their coils connected directly up to the minus lead of the battery Ba, and the other terminals of their coils are connected by means of the lines 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. to the interconnected stationary contacts I of the multiple contact relays in the primary register. e i

From the plus lead of the battery Ba, the current passes toh'ne-22, key-bartfkey K.O.1 I (when depressed), line 12, contacts m and 0 in the secondary register, line 13, sleeve U.IV, contact a lV, one of the contacts 1x1 ...-r.5 in the ratchet mechanism of the secondary register, one of the lines 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21,

one ofthe armature contacts of the multiple contact relays A.1.III A. 5.III;in the revers'ing device and one of the lines 23, 24,25,

- 26 or 27 to one of the locking bars ,M.1.II,

M.2.II .etc. of the primary register. From said locking bar which also serves as a. conductor, the current passes through a flexible line (see dotted line Fig. 3) to the armature contacts H of said multiple contact relays and from there to the stationary contacts I of said relays and on 'to one of the lines 1,2...9,0.

.H.11 of that relay is closed The operation ofthe calculating machine here illustrated and the function of its several parts will be best understood by referring to a concrete example of addition, and we will suppose that the following additionis to be performed, viz.

. When the machine is ready lead 22, contact bar t, lead 4.1, coil of relay 1 for operation, the contacts H and I in relay A. 0.IV' are all closed, andas it will be seenin the follow- ABLII and back to minus lead of battery This energizes relay A.4.II, whereby contact? with contact I, 11 of that relay, connecting lead 4.1 with lead 11. Through lead 11 current passes to the coil of relay N11 and back to '-the minus lead of battery. As described in connection with Fig. 3, the energization of relay N.II causes ratchet bar 811 to. move sleeve U.II one step forward, reciprocating locking bar' M.1.II of the primary register.- As .relay A.4.II is undercurrent, the armature contact H.1 of that relay, when released will close with contact 1.1 of the same relay and will immediately be locked in closed position as exprlained in connection with Fi s. 2 and 3.

. ext ke' No. 6 depresse ,energizing relay A.6. I and connecting lead 11 to the plus side of. the battery in the same manner as above described, thus again energizing relay NJI, whereby sleeve U.II is advanced one further step, reciprocating locking bar M.2.II of the primary register. Consequently the armature contact E2 of that relay will be locked in closed position with sta- I tionary contact 1.2 of the same relay.

Next step consists in depressing'ke'y N o. 9 which in the same manner. as abovedesc1:ibedhasthe efiect of locking armature contact H3 in relay A.9.II with stationary contact '13 that relay, and thenlkey 9 is depressed once more, causing armature contact HA in relay A.9.II to be locked in closed I position with stationary contact IA in the same relay.. 4

The next stage consists in depressing key K.O.I, connecting line12 through contact bar t with theplus lead of the battery. Current I now passes from line'l2cthrough. lines '15 and 16, shaft VII (see Fig. '2), sleeve U.II contact s ring all, contact b.4, "line "31,

, through t e coil ofrelay and to the minus lead of the battery, energizing relay A4111 and closing all the contacts H and I of relay A'.4.111.'

While the key K.O.1 is depressed the .reversing device relay A4111 remains closed and contact (1.11 remains stationary; the en- I ergizing line 31 passing from the stationary contact 6.4 which is at this time in contact with the contact sprin all, and serving to energize relay A4111? Through line 12 current at the same time s also passes to contacts Z and m, in the ratchet mechanism of'the secondary register. From contact m, the current passes over contact 0 and-through line 13 to contactspring- (1.1V, the'two tongues of which co-operate' with the stationary contacts 7".1 726 and 8.1 8-5. Over contact T1 the current passes through line 17 to stationary contact 1.1.4.111 in relay A4111, whichas stated above-is closed with armature contact H.1.4. I1I of that relay. Consequently, current passes over these contacts through line 26 to locking bar M4111 of the primary register. From the said locking bar the current passes through the contacts 11.4 and 1.4

contacts in that relay.'

in relay A.9.11 which arelocked inclosed position as explained above. From stationary contact 1.4 in relay A.9.11 current passes through lineNo. 9 to contact armatures 11.9 and H.9' in relay A.2.V1, and as contact armature 11.9 in that relay makes contact fwith the corresponding stationary contact 1.9

inthe same relay, when the relay is not energiz'ed the currentcontinues on line 9, energizing relay A.9.V. The energizing of relay A.9.V- has the effect of closing all the The current from contact spring (LIV and stationary contact 8.1 passes through locking bar M.1.IV, and as the contacts H and I ofrelay A.0.1V .as above explained are all locked in closed position, the current from 1.0.9.V and on the line 9.1V, energizing relay A.9.IV. At the same time current passes through line 41' to armature contact 11.41 through stationary contact 1.41, these contacts being closed owing to the energization of relay A.9.IV. Further the current passes on to armature contact H.439 and line 43.

Also a self energizing'circuit for A.9.IV is established from 12 through contacts Z and 1 in the ratchet device of the secondary reg.-

- ister over line 14 connected through 1.41 and H.4 1, line 41 and line 9.1V.

Through 1ine43 current passes to the coil of relay N.IV, energizing the same.

sition.

The energization of relay as eX- plained in connection with Figs. 2 and 3 will have the, efiect of advancing sleeve UIV one I step, at the same time reciprocating locking lay A.9.IV is, however, still under current through line 14, contact 1.41, contact H.41, line 41, line 9.1V, and when looking bar M.1.1V is :reciprocated as statedabove, armature contact H.1.9.1V will be locked in closed position with stationary contact 1;1.9.1V. At the same time armature contact 11.1.0.1V will spring back from stationary contact 1.1.0.1V andwill be locked in interrupted position. i

It will be noted that the last digit, i. e. No. 9, entered intov the machine by means of the key board, has now been entered as the first digit in the secondary register.

The movement of ratchet bar S.1V in the direction of the arrow, further.after a'short interval of time-is caused to interrupt the contacts Z and n-as will be seen. on the diagram-and this causes the current in line 14 to be cut out 'a' short interval of time after the current in line 13 was cut out, said; interval being of suflicient length: to permit the process of locking contacts H.1.9.1V and 1.1.9.1V together in closed position to take place.

In other words, when the contacts a.1V carried by the sleeve U.1V are in the position shown in Fig. 1 the contacts I and n and m and 0 close the circuits heretofore described; but just as soon as the alV'contacts pass from 8.1 and 721 on to 8.2 and 122 the contacts m and 0 are broken, thereby interru ting current on line 13, and a brief timeln terval thereafter, as soon as the .bar M.1.1V has.

locked the contacts H.1.9.1V and 1.1.9.1V, the contacts'l and n are open interrupting line 14.

When contacts 1.41, H41 and H.439 have been interrupted bythe de-energization of rethis relay through line 14, evenafter contacts Ln have again been closed upon the return of ratchet bar 3.1V to its original po- Also it will be seen that the deenergization of relay A.9.IV has the elfect of interrupting the currentthrough .line 43 tolthe coil of relay N.1V, de-energlzing that re ayi Contact spring (1.1V now maiies contact with stationary contacts 8.2 and 1x2, key KO.1 is still depressed and. relay A4111 is stillenergized with all contacts closed.

Current from'line 12 now in the same man-: ner as above described passes through contacts 1.3 and H.3 of relay A911, line 9' to bar M.2.IV is reciprocated, contacts H.2.0.. IV and 1.2.0.1V are interrupted and locked as transferred in the manner specified from the through lockin f f L 1,878,299

tact a2, line 18, contacts 1.2.4.111 and H.2.4.1I1,- line 25, locking-bar M.3.11, conrelay A.9.V, energizing that relay and closing all its contacts. From 8.2 current passes bar M.2.IV, contact armature H.2.0.I stationary contact 112.6. IV, line 6V, contact armature H.0.9.V; stationary contact 1.0.9.V, line 9.1V and line 41, performin the samebpe'rations as above described wlth the result that sleeve U.1V is advanced one further step, locking in the interrupted position, and @ontact 11.2.

. 9.1V is locked in closed position with, 1.2.9.1V.

Two of the digits have now. been transferred from the primary register to the secondary register, and as key K.0.1 is'continu-' ously maintained in depressed position, the

remaining twodigits of the number 4699 are transferred in the same manner from the primary register to the secondary register. x When all the four digits 4699 have been primary register to the secondary register in the order 9964, sleeve U.1V will have advanced to a position in which contact spring a.IV makes contact with stationary contacts locked in Fig. 7.

8.5 and r.5, and current will then pass'from line 12, contacts 17;. and 0, through line 13, contact a.1 V, contact 125, line 21, contact 1.5.4. III, armature contact H.5.4.1II, line 44, armature contact H.1.VI stationary contact 1.1.VI, line 45 to the coil of relay 0.11 and through line 46 to the coil of the relay 0.1V, energizing these two relays.

As previously described, and as clearly shown on Figs. 7. and 1a to If these contacts H.1.VI and 1.1.VI are closed by the resilient spring Fwhen the locking relay A.l.V1

is not energized and, when the bars M of register IV are in their normal position, are closed position as illustrated in The energization of these two relays asexplained in connection with Figs. 2 and 3 has the effect of automaticallyreturning sleeves U11 and U.1V to their original position as illustrated on the diagram. When key KO.1

is now released,- relays 0.11 and 0.1V are deenergized, and sleeves, U11 and U.1V' slip back to the position illustrated on Fig. 3.

register: Y Under locking bar M.1.1Ipontact in relay in relay over contacts H55 and 1.55

eration of that bar will not only 'have the effect as described above of locking the contacts H and I corresponding to the last digit in its relays, but will also release the contacts which were up to that moment maintained'in' locked position by means of the same locking bar.

- After the second numberhas been entered in the primary register, contact (111 will be in position over stationary contact b.4,- as

the last number I entered was one of four digits. 7 i a. The subsequent depression of the key KO.1 will therefore have the effect as speclfied. in

connection with the first number entered of energizing relay A4111, and this relay is maintained energized 'wi'th allits contacts closed, until ke KO.1 is again released.

During the ollowing descriptionit should be borne in mind that the following contacts are locked in closed A. II

Under locking bar M.4.11 contact in relay A.1 II. V

Key KO.1 being now maintained in de- Under locking bar M.2.11 contact in relay.

s8 position in the primary I Under locking bar M.3.1I contact in relay y 7 11.9.11 1

pressed position, current passes in the same manner as explained before through line 12,

14 and 13 respectively.

The current in line 13 passes fromcontact 8.1 to locking bar M.1.IV, and as'contacts H.1.9.IV and 1.1.9.1V'arelocked'in closed position, line 9.V is connected with the plus lead of the battery. Through line 14 current passes to contact 1.41 which is consequently.

and contacts I and n and oand m to lines also connected to the plus lead of the battery. From contact 1:.1, current oes through line 17, contacts 1.1.4.111 and 26, lockin -bar M.4.I-I.and contacts H and 1 1.4.111, line p A Kiln-line lthrough rela A.2.v1

to coil of relay A.1.V, energizing t e latter.

The plus current from line 9.V w1ll therefore pass through armature contact H.9.1.V to

stationary contact 1.0.1.V and from arma-' ture contact H.9.1.'V,I to stationary contact From stationary contacts 1.0.1.1 1 and I.0.1.V-the current.- goes on to lines 55 and 42. The current in 42 energizes relay A.0'.1V' so that the contact armatures 11.55, 11.42 and H.43.0 are closed, with the respective-contacts 1.55 and The current in. line "55 5 passes on toline 56, energizing relay A.1.V1.

Through contacts H.42, 1.42 and line 42 is connected with line 43,energizing relay N.1V whichlhas the immediate efiect "as described in connection with the entering of the first number in the secondary register, 3

described in connection with Figs. 6 and 7, so as to release contact armature 1-1.2.V1.

"Relay A.1.VI being ener gized, contact.

H.2.V1 will be locked in closed position with contact 1.2.V1. Current will thereforepass 10 from line 12 through line 15,,c0ntacts 1.2.V1 and H.2.VI, and line. 57, energizing relay A.2.V1, so that. this relay A.2.V1 is maintained energized with all its contacts in the right hand position, until contacts H.2.V1 5 and 1.2.1 1 are again-interrupted.

As sleeve U.1V has now been-advanced one step, contact alV is now over r.2 and' 8.2.

From contact 1*.2 current passes through line 18, contact I.2.4.111, H.2.4.111 and line 25, locking bar M.3.11, contact H3 and 1.3, line 9 to contact armatures H.9 and H.9. As these armatures are now in their right hand position, contact H.9 is closed with. contact 1.0.V1, and armature H.9 is closed with contact 1.58.. The current through line 9 will therefore in relay A.2.V1 be shunted on to line 0 through contact 1.0.V1 and to line 58 through contact 1.58. The current in line 0 energizes relay A.0.V, and the current in line 3 58 passes over contacts 1.58 and H.58, line 59 to line 56, energizing relay A.1.VI.

From contact s.2, current passes through locking bar M.2.IV, contacts H.2.9.1V and 1.2.9.1V, line 9.V, contacts H.9.0.V and 1.0.9.0.V, line 41 and line 9.1V, energizing relay A.9.1V. From line 41 current now passes as described before to line 43, energizing relay N.1V, etc. j

- The following two figures have now been i transferred to and are locked in'the seconda'ryregister 0 by means of contacts 1-1.1.0.1V

" and 1.1.0.1V and '9 by'means of H.2.9.1V- and 1.2.9.1V; also the contacts H.1.VI and 1.1.V1 andH.2.V1 and 1:2.V1 are still locked in the energized' position of relay A.1.V1. Also relay -A.2.V1 is still energized with all its contacts in the right hand position (the position which is not shown in the diagram).

.Sleeve U.IV, having now'been advanced one step further, contact (1.1V is over con-v ta'cts 8.3 and 123. From 123 current now passesthh'ough line 19, relay A.4.111 line 24, looking bar M.2.11, relay A.2.11, line 2 and relay A.2.VI, and as the armature con 5 tacts of this relay are in the right hand position, the current in line 2 will be transferred to line 3, energizing relay A.3.V and closing all the contacts of that relay.

From contact 8.3 the current goes through locking bar' M.3;IV, through relay A.6.IV,

' line 6.Vto relay ,A.3.Vwhere it is connected in accordance with the system on which the connection between the digit lines takes place to line 41 which is interconnected with line I 9.1V, energizing r'elay A.9.IV so as to lock have previouslybeen described the contacts 11.3.9.1V, and 1.3.9.1Vin closed position. The

same reciprocating movement of locking bar M.3.1V which serves to lock the two lastnamed contacts in their closed position also has the effect of interrupting the corresponding contacts in relay A..1V and both contacts in relay A.1.V1. Relay A.2.V1 is thereby .(leenergized, and all its contacts move back to the positionillustrated on the diagram.

During the next step contact a.1V will be over contacts's.4 and R4 and in the same manner as described before, relay A.5.V will be energized, connecting line 4.V to line 9.1V and line 41, so as to lock contacts H.4.9.1V and 1.4.9.1V.

After this has taken place, relays 0.11, 0.1V receive current through lines- 45 and 46 in the manner described above, and sleeves 11.11 and U.1V areautomatically returned to their original position.

Key KO.1 is now released, whereby relays 0.11, 0.1V are ole-energized and the machine is ready for the entering of the nextnumber that is 25. 1

This numberis entered into the primary register by successivelydepressing keys 2 and contacts H and I are locked in closed position" under locking bar M. 2.11 in relay A.5.11.

Key KO.1 is now depressed and maintained in depressed position Relay A.2.111 is then energized through contact 12.2 and line 29 and is maintained in 5, causing the same operations to take place energized state with all its contacts closed,

until key KO.1 is again released. Current now passes through line 12 and contacts Z and n to line14 and through contacts m and oto line 13, contact (1.1V and contacts 8.1 and 021.

From contactml current passes through line 17 to stationary contact 1.1.2.111, contact H.1.2.111, line 24,1ocking bar M.2.11, relay A.5.11 line 5,'relay A.2.V1, continues on line 5 and energizes relay A.5.V.

From contact-8.1 current passes; through locking bar M.1.1V, contacts H.1.0.1V and 1.1.0.IV, line 0.17, contact'H.O'. 5.V, contact 1.0.5.V and lines 37 and 5.1V. 7

The current in line 5.1V energizes rel ay A.5.IV, closlng contact H.37, 1.37 and H.435

to line 43, energizing relay N.IV. g

The subsequent reciprocation of locking bar M.1.IV in the same manner as explained before, has -the effect of releasing contacts energized, and then looking these contacts'in their new position.

H.1.O.IV and 1.1.0.1Vin the relay A.O.1V,

. Contact aIVis now over contacts 8.28.11d7.2, andcurrent passes from r.2 through line 18, relay A2111, line 23, lockin bar M.1.1I, relay A211, line 2, relay A.2. the contact armatures of whichare in their left hand position, continues on line 2 and energizes relay A.2.V.

From 8.2 current goes through locking bar M.2.1V, contacts 11.2.9.1V and 1.2.9.117, line 9.V to calculating relay A.2.V, where in accordance with the principle of coupling it is transferred to line 33, which is connected to line 1.1V.

At the same time connection is made in relay A.2.V in the-same manner as previously specified in connection with relay A.1.V to' line 47.'with the result that as relay A.1.1V is energized, contacts H.33 and 11.47 make contact respectively with contacts 1.33 and 1.47. Contact 1.47 being connected to line 56, relay A.1.V1 is energized and also line 33 is connected through contact H.33 and 1.33 and H.431 to line 43, energizing relay N.1V.

The reciprocation of locking bar M.2.1V

"which now takes place according to the mode of operation previously described, has the effect of releasing the contacts H and I under that bar in relay A.1.1V, so that these contacts are closed owing to the relay being energized'. At-the same time the corresponding contacts in relay A.9.1Y, which is not energlzed, are released from their closed position and the armature contacts H.1.V1 and in relay A.1.V1 are released in the manner described in connection with Figs.

6 and 7, thus energizing relay A.2.V1 in the manner previously described, andconnecting line 44 through contact armature H.1.V1

and contact. 1.1.VI to line 60, whichis connected past relay A.2.V1 to line 1 as seen on the diagram.

Contact (1.1V now is over contacts 8.3 and 123. Current goes from 123 through line 19, relay A2111, line 44, contact armature 1-1.1.V1, contact 1'.1.V1 to line 1,.energizing relay A.1.V.

From 3.3 current passes through lockin bar M.3.1V, contacts 11.3.9.1V and 1.3.9.1 1 line 9.V, relay A.1.V and from there in the 5g manner previously described in connection with relaV-A.1.V to lines 42 and 55, 42 being *connected with line 0.1V, relay A0117 is energized and current passes then through line 42, contacts H.42. 1.42 and H.430 to line 43. energizing relay HIV and also through line 55, contacts H.553 and 1.55 to line 56, energizinsz relay A.1.V1, so as to maintain the contact armatures of that relay in their-right hand position.

After the reciprocation of locking bar MBJV. the contacts 1-1.1 under that bar in relay.A.0.1V are locked in closed position,

7 Whereas the corresponding contacts in relay A. .1V are locked in open position.

Contact alV is now over contacts 8.4:. "ml

r.4. Current now passes from r.4 through line 20, relay A2111, line 44 etc. exactly as described in connectlon with the prevlous step, and at the saine time current passes from S.4 through-locking bar M.4.IVand relay A.9.IV also exactly as described in connection with the previous step, the result bein thatthecontacts H and 1 under locking ar M.4.IV in relay A.0.1V are locked in closed position 'at the same time as the corresponding contacts in relay A.9.1\,V are released from their closed position and locked in their open position.

Contact a.1V is now over contacts 8.5 and 0x5, and current passes through line, 21, re-

lay A.2.1I1, line 44, contacts 11.1.V1 and 1'.1.V1, line 60, line 1 to relay A.1.V energizing the latter. r

From 8.5 current passes through locking bar M.5.IV, and as the contacts H and 1 are still closed under this bar in relay A.0.IV as stated at the beginning, current goes through that relay, line 0.V, relay A.1.V to line 33,.

which is connected to line 1.1V.

This, as has been' previously described in connection with the same relay, has the efi'ect.

upon the reciprocation of locking bar M.5.1V to lock the contacts H and 1 in relay A.1.IV' in their closed position, whereas at the same time the corresponding contacts in relay A.0.1V, which is not energized, are released from their closed position and locked in open viously explained, whereupon key KO.1 is

released. a V

The adding process is now finished, and the result has been entered in the secondary re star by locking the contacts H and I in re ay A.5.IV under locking bar M.1.1V 1n lrelay A.1.1V under locking bar M.2.1V in.

relay A.O.1V under locking bars M.3.1V and M.4.IV and in relay A.1.1V under locking bar M.5.1Vv corresponding to the numbe 10015. f

In order to obtaina permanent record of the result in a recording device, which as indicated on the drawings may consist in a number of magnetically operated typebars, only one of which is shown on the drawings it is necessary to depress the result key whereby line 61 is connected to the plus side of the battery energizing relays A.1.VII,

A.2 V II, it the same time connectinglines and 12 to the; lus side of the battery ,1 through contacts .1.2.VII and I.1.2.VII. As contact aIV is now over contacts 8.]. and r. 1, current passes through line 17 to contact I.2.2.VII, contact H.2.2.VII, line .62, which is' connected to line 42- and line 0.1V,

energizing relay A.O.IV. At the same time I current passes from 8.1 through locking bar M.1.IV, relay A.5.IV, line 5.V, and as none of the relays A.V, are energized, the currentcontinues only through line 5.VII through relay A.1.VII, the contacts of which are all closed .in their right handposition during the energization of this relay and to the recordin magnet v.5, operating type-bar u.5 to recor the digit 5, the movement of the type bar having the efiect of moving the carriage of the typewriter one step in the right hand direction.

I The current in line 42 havingthe eflect as 'pTrgvviously described, of energizing relay the sleeve' U.IV is advanced one step,

and the other digits locked in closed position in the registering relaysare transferred dur ing the stepwise movement of sleeve U.IV to the recordin device in exactly the same manner as descri ed for. the digit 5.

During this operation, relay A.O.IV is repeatedl energized and consequently the contacts and I under all the locking bars in this relay will successively be locked in x closed position, whereas at the same-time the corresponding contacts locked in other unen- .ergized relays are released and locked in open position. v v After the recording process is finished and the sleeve UIV has been returned to its original position in the manner previously described, the machine is ready for commencing a new calculation. Y

Y It will be seen on the diagram that relay A.1.VII besides the stationary contacts I.5.1.VII etc. are also provided with station ary contacts I.5'.1.VII etc. with which the contact armatures H.-5 .1.VII etc. of that relay engage when that relay is notenergized by the depression of the result key K.R.I.

By means of these contacts and a set of lines 5.VII etc. the lines 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 0 are connected to the lines 5.VII etc; so as to make permanent record by means 'of the recording device of all thenumbers entered in the machine ,by means of the key board ever time the operating key KO.I is depresse I Ihe necessary movement of the typewriter carriage for recording all numbers entered in the desired place manna y or by any known automatic .means. v

' I claim.

1. In an electric calculating machine two sets of each'ten digit lines corresponding to the di its of the numerical system, key controlle means for interconnecting said two .of the same set corresponding to a osition on the paper may takesets of digit lines ten combinations, a registering device comprising ten multiple contact rela s each 0 which is ada ted to be looking the contacts and then releasing the same when a current is caused to pass through a digit'line of the same set correspondlng to 'adigit of the same denominational order and a recording device actuated by current impulses passing through contacts of the re the result of t e calculating operation.

sets of each ten digit lines corresponding to the digits of the numerical system, key con trolled means for interconnecting said two "sets of digit lines in ten combinations, a registering device comprisingten multiple con-.

' tact relays each of whic is adapted to be energized by current in one of the-sets of energize by current in one'of t e sets of digit lines, electrically operated means for ring device for recording 2. In an electric calculating machine two 7 digit lines, .a ,number of magnetically operated locking bars each adapted to co-operate with one contact in each of said multip tact relays for locking the contacts and then releasing the same when a current is caused to pass through a digit line of the same set corresponding to a digit of the same denominational order,- and a recording device actuated by current impulses vpassin through contacts of the re istering device or record- 'ing the result of t e calculating operation.

' 3. In an electric calculating machine two sets of each ten digit lines corrresponding to the digits of the numerical system, key controlled means for interconnecting said two sets of digit lines in ten combinations, a registering device comprising ten multiple contact relays each of which is adapted to be energized, by current in one of the sets of digit lines, a number of magnetically operated locking bars, each adapted to co-operate with looking pawls co-operating with a moveable member of one contact respectively in each of saidmultiple contact relays for locking the contacts and then releasing the same when a current is caused to pass through a di 't lint;

't o the same denominational order and a re c ording device actuated by current impulses passing through contacts of the registering device for recording the results of the calculating of the sets of digit lines adapted to co-operate with one contact in each of said multiple conmeans for interconnecting said two 1 tact relays for locking the contacts and then releasing the same when a current i'scaused to pass through a-digit line of the same set corresponding to a number of the same denominational order, and a recording device actuated by current impulses passing through contacts of the registerin device for record;

' ing the result of the calcu ating operation.

5. In an electric calculating machine two sets of each ten digit I-ines corresponding to the digits of the numerical system, key controlled means for interconnecting said two sets of digit lines in ten combinations, a registering device comprising ten multiple contact relays each-of which is adapted to be energized by current in one of the sets of digit lines, a number of magnetically operated locking bars each actuated by current in one of the sets of digit lines, contacts in each of the ing the result of the calculating operation. 7

6. In an electric calculating machine two sets of each ten digit lines corresponding to the digits of the numerical system, key controlled means for interconnecting said two sets of dig1t lines in ten combinations, a registering device comprising ten multiple contact relays, each having a plurality oi movable contacts cooperating with a plurality of stationary contacts and each of which relays is adapted to be energized by current in one of the sets of digit lines, a number. of locking bars each adapted to (Bo-operate with looking pawls -co-operating respectively with one .moveable contact in each of said multiple contact relays for locking the contacts closedand then releasing the same when a current iscaused to pass through a digit line of the same set corresponding to a digit of the same denominational 'order actuating mechanism common to all said locking bars: and adapted vto'actuat the same successivelyQ-and a record-- ing device actuated by current impulses pa'ssing through contacts of the registering device for recording the result of the -calculating operation.

7. In an electric calculating machine two sets of each ten digit linescorresponding to. the digits or the numerical system, key controlled means for interconnecting said two sets of digitlines'in ten combinations,'a registering device comprising ten, multiple con-v tact relays, each'having a plurality of movable contacts cooperating with a plurality=of stationary contacts and each of which relays is adapted-to be energizedby currentgin one a of the sets of dig1t lines, a number of lockingbars each adapted tom-operate'withlocking pawlscooperating respectively with one moveable contact 1 m each of said multiple 1 contact relays for locking the contacts closed .and'then releasing the same when a current .is caused to passthrough a digit line of: the

same set corresponding to a digit ofthe same denominational drder, actuating mechanism 1 common to all said locking bars, comprising a sliding sleeve, a camthereon for engaging cam surfaces on the locking barsto reciprocate the same successively, means for causing said sleeve to move one step in one direction each time a current impulse is, transmitted to the said actuating mechanism, and

a recording device actuated by current im-- pulses passing through contacts of therregis tering device for recording the result'of the calculating operation. I a

8. Inan electricfcalculating machine two sets of each ten digitlines corresponding to the digits of the numerical system, key controlled means for interconnecting said two sets of digit lines'in ten combinations, a regis-I tering device comprisingten multiple con tact relays each having a plurality of movable contacts cooperating with a plurality of sta-f tionary contacts and each ofwhich relays is adapted to be energlzed 'by current in one of the sets of digit lines, a number of locking bars. each adapted to co-operate with locking pawls ,co-operating respectively with ,one moveable contact in each' of said, multiple contact relays forlocking the contacts and-- then releasing the same when a current is caused to pass through'a digit lineofthe same 'set corresponding to a digit of the'same denominational order, an actuating-mechanism common to allsaidlocking bars,-a:rockingsha-ft, a slideable spring actuated sleeve thereon, co-operatingcam, surfaces on said sleeve and said locking bars for causing the sleeve to reciprocate the said bar s,a magnetic;

relay and a ratchet and pawlmechanism for giving said sleevea stepwlse movement in one direction, and a second relay acting to rock said shaft 'so as to disengage 'said sleeve from the locking bars and ratchet mechanism and permitting it to be returned by means of said spring to its original'position,

9. In an'electric calculating machine'two sets of each ten digit lines corresponding to the digits of the numericalsystem, key controlled means for interconnecting said two sets of digit lines inten combinations, a registering device comprising ten multlple contact relays each having a plurality of movable contacts co-operating with a plurality of stationary contacts connected to one set of digit lines each of which relays is adapted to be energized by current in the other of thesets i V of digit lines, a number of locking bars each 

